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    本刊以“實、新、活、廣、深、快”為特色，立足上海，面向國內外，致力于探討新問題，發表新觀點，鼓勵學術爭鳴，扶植理論新秀，倡導新興學派。同時開展比較研究，促進中西方文化交流。是一本高層次，有深度，反映國內外社會科學最新成果的權威性綜合理論期刊。
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    社會科學 >2022年第9期

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    • 摘要：Due to several values always exist in the same consumption simultaneously,al-though the theories such as"code consumption","McDonaldization of consumption"and"the third consumer culture"are good for understanding the variety of modern consumption,each of them can not explain a great deal of our realistic consumption clearly.This paper,by introducing dimension of time to understand the concept of consumption,is aimed to review the main theories in the sociology of consumption and re -interpret modern consumption and its transition.%消費社會學領域中相繼出現的"符號消費論"、"麥當勞化消費論"和"第三種消費文化論"等理論分野雖然有助于我們從整體上把握現代消費的多樣性,可是在理解具體消費現象問題時卻往往會面臨一個困境:由于在某一具體的消費現象中往往同時存在著消費的功能性、關系性和文化性等價值,我們通常無法借用上述某一消費理論對實際消費生活中的具體消費現象作出令人信服的解釋.借用山崎正和在其消費概念理解中所聚焦的時間維度,嘗試對凡勃侖以來的消費及消費社會主要理論分野作重新闡釋和梳理,可以為解決現代消費理論困境、認識現代消費及其變遷提供一個新的視角.
    • 摘要：由于跨境數據流動的全球規則尚未達成,我國眾多"走出去"的互聯網企業隨時可能遭受以數據安全為名義的貿易壁壘.跨境數據流動法律法規必須在商業利益與網絡隱私、網絡安全性與網絡流動性、嚴格標準與寬松標準、本國特色與國際習慣之間作出價值選擇.從全球范圍上看,當前存在美國商業利益優先理念下的寬松立法、歐盟個人權利優先理念下的嚴格立法、俄羅斯數據主權優先理念下的本地存取型立法、澳大利亞利益均衡原則下的折中型立法等四種價值選擇.我國需要確立數據主權優先、個人信息保護與經濟發展并重的法律原則.國內法方面需對網絡隱私權進行寬泛化、包容性的界定,分類監管跨境數據.在國際法方面需依托跨境貿易的中國方案和"一帶一路"沿線國家,先從區際規則著手積極參與國際規則的制定.%Because of the failure to reach an international rules on global transborder data flow,many"going -out"internet enterprises of China risk trade barrier in the name of data secu-rity.Transborder data flow involves value conflicts between commercial interests and individual privacy,internet security and mobility,strict standard and loose standard,national characteris-tics and international customs.From the international prospective,there are four typical legisla-tion modes:USA's commercial -interests-first loose legislation,EU's individual -right -first strict legislation,Russia's national-security -first isolation legislation and Australia's interests-balanced compromise legislation.China should insist on the legislation principle of national -interests-first and balance keeping between economic development and individual messages pro-tection.From the domestic law prospective,internet privacy and classified supervision on trans-border data flow should be defined clearly;from the international law prospective,international rules making from regional rules should be the emphasis,which based on countries along the route of the Belt and Road Initiative.
    • 摘要：While the People's Liberation Army was taking a strategic pursuit to unite China, CPC paid full attention to American possible interference and took essential military precautions against it.Since the strategic decisive battle between KM T and CPC took place as well as the People's Liberation Army made preparation for and took the strategic pursuit,American govern-ment has discussed whether to make military intervention or not.Before crossing -the-Yangtze-River Campaign started,the Central Military Commission deployed essential troops against A-merican intervention in North China.When Third Field Army started the battle of Shanghai,the Central Military Commission deployed Second Field Army against possible intervention of U.S. When Second Field Army took the strategic pursuit to the southwest,Third Field Army took the responsibility of being against American intervention.On one hand,American government thought there's no need to make interference as the People's Liberation Army quickly wiped out KM T residual troops.On the other,being afraid itself was stuck in the mire,it thought it was unable to stop the People's Liberation Army's strategic pursuit.When Canton liberated,the possible intervention of U.S ended.Generally speaking,where there was readiness,there was no danger!CPC has successfully done her job of the strategic pursuit.%在人民解放軍在進行戰略進軍統一全中國之時,中共對美國可能的軍事干涉作了充分的估計和必要的防備部署.隨著國共兩黨戰略決戰的展開以及解放軍戰略追擊的準備、開始和進行,美國政府非常合拍地一直在討論是否直接進行軍事干涉.發起渡江戰役前夕,中央軍委部署必要兵力,防止美軍從華北干涉.在以三野發起上海戰役時,中央軍委以二野負責對付美軍的可能干涉;二野西進時,由三野負責對付.美國一方面因為解放軍迅速進軍消滅了國民黨軍殘余力量而覺得沒有必要干涉,一方面擔心自己陷入泥潭不能自拔而無力干涉.廣州的解放,將美國干涉的可能性畫上了句號.總之,中共有備無患,完成了戰略進軍的任務.
    • 摘要：The past researches about social stratification and consumption focused on how to reflect the distinction of different social stratum or to achieve the reproduction of social status,o-verlooked to discuss the mechanism between the social stratification and consumption systemati-cally.This study focuses on the division of consumer preferences among different social strata, embedded in the framework of class analysis and historical change.Using the repeated design da-ta from China General Social Survey 2003 and 2013,the research finds that,on the surface,peo-ple's preferences in the material consumption,cultural consumption and leisure activities etc,are obviously increased in 2013 compared with 2003,but this trend is not significant after controlling the main social fators,demonstrating a kind of"kick upstairs"trend.Nevertheless,the relation-ship between social status and consumer preferences continued to be related robustly in ten years, the consumer preferences of the professionals,managers,and the routine non -manual workers have significantly advantage over the supervisors,technical workers,self -employed owners, and unskilled workers etc,forming a clear boundary or distinction.From the perspective of class analysis,social stratum still has significant explanatory power in China's social transformation, and the distinction of consumer preferences may further solidify the boundary between the social strata.%以往社會分層與消費研究重點關注消費如何體現不同社會階層地位之間的區隔,或實現階層地位的再生產,對社會分層與消費之間關系的鏈接機制缺乏系統的討論.采用"中國綜合社會調查"2003年和2013年兩次截面重復調查數據,將不同社會階層群體之間消費偏好差異置于階級/階層分析和歷史變遷的框架下予以考察,研究發現:與2003年相比,表面上人們在物質消費、文化消費和閑暇活動等方面的偏好都有明顯的增加,但在控制其他因素的情況下,這種趨勢并不明顯,反而出現"明升暗降".盡管如此,社會階層與消費偏好之間的關系在兩個年份間仍然持續而穩定,專業技術/管理人員、常規非體力人員的消費偏好明顯優于工頭/技術人員、個體戶/小業主、非技術體力工人等階層,形成了明顯的邊界或區隔.在中國社會轉型中,社會分層仍然具有顯著的解釋力,而消費偏好的區隔可能進一步固化了社會階層之間的差異.
    • 摘要：《孟子》一書有九處論及"酒",其中有在日常意義上對酒的承認,但更多的是從道德理性的絕對性與純粹性出發,體現出對酒之迷醉的拒斥.如此拒斥,引而至于政治上的禁酒,體現出孟子政治上的迷惘.而這在更深層次上,體現了孟子哲學追求絕對而純粹的道德透明,最終走向了其反面,即由絕對自覺透明的道德自我,轉而消解了天的自在性,湮沒了萬物的自在性和整體世界的自在性,且否定了他者的差異性與獨立性.就此而言,拒斥酒之迷醉的孟子良知哲學,實質上是無酒的良知迷醉,它在彰顯生命存在的某些側面之際,卻遮蔽了生命更為深邃與廣袤的整體.%In Mencius,there are nine passages that mention alcoholic drink.Although it ad-mits alcoholic drink is basic for everyday life,it mainly show s the refusal to the intoxication of drinking according to the absoluteness and purity of moral reason.Such refusal,which leads to anti-alcohol,reflects Mencius' confusion in politics.In a deeper level,it shows that the abso-lute and pure moral transparency which Mencius was pursuing comes to its contrary.That is, Mencius emphasizes the absolute transparent moral -self,but this self dispels the Heaven(Tian) in itself,annihilates all things in themselves and the world as a whole in itself.Furthermore,it denies the others'otherness and independence.In this regard,Mencius'conscience philosophy as the refusal to drinking intoxication is actually the intoxication of conscience without alcoholic drink.It manifests some profile of life while it closes over the life itself as a deeper and broader whole.
    • 摘要：自然景觀書寫在審美機制下以大自然的景觀對人產生愉悅感為主要審美特征并已形成書寫傳統.在莫言的小說中,其自然景觀書寫發展了既有的書寫策略,在"美"的表象下折射出作家對社會問題和人本質弱點批判的深刻內涵,形成了自然景觀審美與其內涵審丑的互映關系.在其萬頃碧波之中的海島、紅成洸洋血海的東北鄉紅高粱、如熾的南國紅樹林等自然景觀書寫的表象下,莫言的小說以"以美見丑"或"以丑見美"的審美方式,揭示出其作品的愛國與愛家、愛情與死亡、飛天魔幻鏡像中人的苦難、戰爭中人性的變異、大我與小我的國際關系、"蛙—娃—媧"和"權欲—錢欲—情欲—性欲"的轉換等深層內涵,使其自然景觀書寫在當代文藝美學價值的基礎上顯示出其作品對現實生活中的人予以關照的政治美學價值.%Landscape narration usually takes the sense of pleasure derived from the natural landscape with the aesthetic mechanism as its main feature and it has already been formed the tra-dition.However,the narration of the beauty existing in natural landscape writing in Mo Yan's novels has developed the existing relative narrative strategy and reflects the profound connotation that the author criticizes the social problems and the weak points in human nature,which forms the relationship of mutual reflection between evaluation of natural beauty and the connotational ugliness.As represented with such natural beauty of the landscape as the island in the vast sea, the red sorghum as blood sea in Dongbeixiang,the mangrove forest as fire in the South and so on,Mo Yan reveals,in his novels,the connotation of the relationship between country -love and family -love,love and death,human miseries both in flying goddess and hallucinatory situations, variation of human nature in war,the international relationship between collective spirit and the individualist,the transition from tadpole to baby then to Nu wa and,the desires from power to money then to lust and then to libido,with the aesthetic methodology to examine ugliness in beauty and vise versa,thus making his natural landscape representation show the values of politi-cal aesthetics based on artistic aesthetics with his concern for the human beings in actual social life.
    • 摘要：The objective of poverty alleviation is to achieve inclusive growth,inclusive growth and poverty reduction have internal theoretical logic connection,poverty alleviation cannot do without efficient financial support.At present,the notion of financial poverty reduction is devia-ting,we pays too much attention to the short -term effect of poverty alleviation and so on in Chi-na.Therefore,it is urgent to innovate a new financial poverty reduction model.Inclusive finan-cial poverty reduction model,which is based on inclusive financial system,is to achieve effective combination of poverty alleviation funds and poverty alleviation ability,pay attention to poverty alleviation sustainability.It is conducive to achieve inclusive growth.In the future,we should set up new notion of inclusive finance poverty reduction,improve the poor intrinsic ability of getting rid of poverty,make up the "short board" of inclusive financial system,construct effective risk compensation and sharing mechanism,implement the new inclusive financial poverty reduction model in China.%脫貧攻堅是為了實現包容性增長,包容性增長與減貧有內在理論邏輯關聯,脫貧攻堅離不開高效率金融支持.當前我國金融減貧理念存在偏差,過于注重短期效應,迫切需要實施新型金融減貧模式.普惠型金融減貧模式以普惠金融體系構建為基礎,實現減貧資金與脫貧能力的有效結合,注重脫貧可持續性,有利于實現包容性增長.為更好的實施普惠型金融減貧模式,應該樹立普惠型金融減貧理念,提升貧困人口內在脫貧能力,補上普惠金融體系"短板",構建有效的風險補償、分擔機制.
    • 摘要：Artificial intelligent system has been applied to many fields.However,several legal issues concerning the recognition and assumption of civil tort liability for damage caused by artifi-cial intelligent products,such as smart robots and self -driving cars,have occurred resulting from the above features.These issues include that whether artificial intelligent products could assume responsibility independently,that it is difficult to apply the principle of fault liability and find out infringement facts and causations,all of which are new problems that Chinese traditional civil lia-bility system never anticipates or considers.In recent years,the United States,Germany and EU have made some study and legislative attempts related to civil liability arising from artificial intel-ligence.By analyzing experiences and shortcomings of these countries' attempts,and combining with technical properties of artificial intelligence,it is found that artificial intelligent products should not be regarded as one independent liability subject,however,it is still necessary to set up the specific moral code,public registry system and recall mechanism,to establish differentiated doctrines of liability fixation between producers,sellers and users of,and to emphasize on strengthening the producers'burden of proof,as well as record and preservation of the causes and processes of infringements on the premise of privacy protection.%人工智能技術現已廣泛應用到各個行業.人工智能具有顯著的擬人特征,這導致智能機器人、自動駕駛汽車等人工智能產品致人損害的民事責任認定及承擔面臨若干法律疑難,包括人工智能產品能否成為獨立責任主體、過錯責任原則難以適用、侵害事實與因果關系查明困難等,這些是我國傳統民事責任制度沒有預料與考慮的新問題.美國、德國及歐盟近年來已涉足人工智能民事責任相關探討及立法嘗試.參考這些國家的經驗與不足,考慮到人工智能的技術屬性,雖然人工智能產品不宜成為獨立的責任主體,但仍需要建立專門的倫理準則、登記公示制度與召回處置機制,確立生產者、銷售者與使用者之間差異化的歸責原則,并側重強調生產者的舉證責任,以及在保護隱私權的前提下記錄并保存侵害原由與過程的電子數據.
    • 摘要：人類最原初、最基本的符號系統就是"文化基因",它由性質及功能迥然不同的兩種行為(語言),即"行為語言"和"言語行為"共同構成.這兩種行為(語言)共同建構了人與世界之間復雜多變的關系.由于行為語言與言語行為相互結合、相互協作的整體結構存在民族差異性,由此形成的張力結構及傾向性決定著不同民族看待世界的方式,影響著中西方對世界的解釋,并為思維方式和文化生產打下鮮明的民族烙印.%The most primitive and basic symbolic system of human beings is the cultural gene, It consists of two kinds of acts(languages),i.e.behavior languages and speech acts,which are very different in nature and function.The difference in the overall structure of the combination of behavior languages and speech acts not only determines the distinction in the interpretation of the world,but also determines the distinction in the mode of thinking and cultural production be-tween China and the West.
    • 摘要：社會主要矛盾具有階段性和發展性,深刻理解我國社會主要矛盾的轉變,需要在馬克思主義社會矛盾理論框架下厘清社會主要矛盾的決定因素及其與社會基本矛盾的關系.相對于階級社會以階級斗爭為主要矛盾,社會主義社會主要矛盾在"非對抗性"生產關系的基礎上回歸到生產與需要之間的矛盾,這決定社會主義社會各個階段的主要矛盾會在社會生產的發展與人的需要之間展開.新時期我國社會主要矛盾轉變為"人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發展之間的矛盾"正是這種矛盾運動的結果,其最終目標是以合理充分的發展滿足人自由全面發展的需要.黨的十九大對主要矛盾的新概括是對當前歷史條件下我國社會主要矛盾的科學把握.%The principal social contradiction had the characteristic of development stage and progressiveness.To profoundly understand the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society,it is necessary to clarify the determinants of the principal contradiction and the relation-ship with the basic contradictions within the framework of the Marxist social contradiction theo-ry.Compared with the class society,which takes the class struggle as the principal social contra-diction,the principal contradiction in socialist society returns to the contradiction between pro-duction and needs on the basis of the"non -confrontational"productive relations.This deter-mines that the principal contradictions in all stages of socialist society will expand between the de-velopment of production and the needs of people.The principal contradiction in the new era of China evolved into a contradiction"between unbalanced and inadequate development and the peo-ple's ever -growing needs for a better life"is exactly the product of such contradictory develop-ment.The ultimate objective is to meet the people's needs for the free and comprehensive devel-opment with reasonable and full development.The new conclusion of the principal contradictions in the political report to the 19th Party Congress is a scientific grasp of the principal social contra-diction in Chinese society under the present historical conditions.
    • 摘要：In 1944,vice president Wallace visited China,which was a visit to China by the highest ranking American leader during the war of resistance against Japan.It played an impor-tant role in the US policy toward China in the late World War Ⅱ and China's diplomacy toward the United states.Chiang Kai-shek's attitude towards Wallace's visit has gone through the process of disgust to him to feeling"very fond of him"and"returning to disgust".Chiang opposi-tion to Wallace is due to government intervention in the dispute,Chiang Kai-shek was"stuck"and pressure,that Wallace and the U.S.government officials were blinded to the Communist Party's propaganda;Chiang Kai-shek,"very much beloved"to Wallace,is a kind of attitude on the surface,because both wartime and postwar,in solving the problems of Anti Japanese,anti the Communist Party,the Sino Soviet relations,the postwar development and China's great power status etc.,because China strength is weak,he must seek the assistance,support and co-operation of the United States.%1944年美國副總統華萊士訪華,是抗戰期間美國最高級別領導人對中國的一次訪問,對二戰后期美國的對華政策、中國對美外交產生了重要影響.蔣介石對待華萊士訪問的態度經歷了從訪問前對其反感到訪問中對其"甚表敬愛"再到訪問后對其反感的過程.蔣對華萊士反感,是由于羅斯福政府干預國共之爭,蔣介石感到"憋屈"和壓力.他深知允許美國介入國共關系,對其權力是一種潛在的威脅.他認為華萊士和美國政府官員受到中共宣傳的蒙蔽.蔣對華萊士"甚表敬愛",是表面上的一種姿態,因為無論是戰時和戰后,在解決抗日、反共、中蘇關系、戰后發展及中國大國地位等問題時,由于中國國力較弱,他必須求得美國的援助、支持和合作.
    • 摘要：The political objective of modernization of social governance in China is to con-struct an"active society"with Chinese styles,a"well-organized society"which overcoming both the"under -organized society"and the"over -organized society".The active society is mainly functional in the following three socio -political dimensions:to safeguard public sphere and to le-gitimate the state power,overcoming the"State Fetishism";to shape the"society -market"and to guarantee the non-market supply of public goods,keeping away from the"market -society";to accumulate the social capitals and to cultivate civic virtues,overstepping the"differential mode of association"(Chaxugeju).The application of the political strategy of"The United Front"(Tongyizhanxian)to the breeding of public sphere and civil society organizations will contribute to the making of the political infrastructural order,which is adapted to the modernization of social governance in Chinese contexts.%中國社會治理現代化的政治目標是建構"中國式能動性社會",即超越"低度組織化社會"和"過度組織化社會"的"良好組織化社會".能動性社會主要發揮三種社會政治功能:克服"國家拜物教",守護公共領域、促進國家權力的合法化;抵御"市場社會",鍛造"社會市場"、確保公共益品的非市場化供給;超越"差序格局",積攢社會資本、培育公民美德.將"統一戰線"戰略擴展至公共領域的培育和市民社會組織的建設,有助于建立與中國情境中社會治理現代化相適應的政治"基礎秩序".
    • 摘要：Under the background of profound changes in global economy and finance,trade finance pattern has significant changes,so traditional trade finance gradually shrinks andthe new one rapidly rises."Group chain network",the three-in-one mode of modern trade finance,fits in this change,which is the new mode of trade finance with integrative development of"group","chain"and"network"based on new specialized market.It is composed of three levels,which not only includes complex and smooth operation mechanism with mutual independence and related integration,but also include but outdistance new characteristics and functions of traditional trade finance.It has multiple overlying advantage and integration advantage of system function,and produces various financial effect.It can greatly open up new development space of trade finance, and better serves the real economy of the trade.Moreover,it can effectively solve"financing dif-ficulty"of medium -sized,small and micro enterprises,and represents a tendency of future de-velopment of trade finance.The government and all sectors of society should fully realize its im-portance in strategic emerging finance industry,and actively promote its formation and perfec-tion.%在全球經濟金融深刻變化之背景下,貿易金融格局發生了重大變化,傳統貿易金融逐漸萎縮而新型貿易金融迅速興起."群鏈網"三位一體現代貿易金融模式是與這種變化相適應的、以"群""鏈""網"融合發展的新型專業市場為基礎的貿易金融新模式.其由三個層面構成,有既相互獨立又聯系融合的復雜而順暢的運行機制,有包括傳統貿易金融但又遠超傳統貿易金融的新特征和新功能,有多重疊加優勢和系統功能整合優勢,會產生多方面金融效應,能極大地開辟貿易金融發展的新空間、更好地服務于貿易實體經濟和有效地解決中小微貿易企業"融資難"問題,代表著未來貿易金融發展的一種趨勢.政府和社會各界應充分認識其戰略性新興金融產業的重要性,積極促進其形成和完善.
    • 摘要：The current social conflicts in China show two trends:Firstly,the traditional structural elements that trigger conflicts have been reduced;and secondly,new conflicts continue to emerge.In the foreseeable future,which of these two trends will dominate,the answer to this question will depend in part on the theoretical paradigm chosen.After reviewing the paradigms, the theory of political process is taken as the core of constructing and understanding China's con-tentious politics.In response to the above -mentioned problems,it also provides useful enlight-enment for modernization of our country's conflict governance institutions.The more effective pattern of conflict governance is institutionalizing social conflicts,that is,guiding the relevant parties to choose the procedures,ways and channels that the state has recognized or established to resolve disputes and contradictions.China's conflict governance system should be based on (social)integration and(state)coordination,that is,social groups as the primary subjects and basic forces for integrating individual interests,and the state as coordinators among the compe-ting diverse social interests.%中國目前的社會沖突呈現出兩種表征:一是觸發沖突的傳統結構要素有所減少,二是新型沖突不斷涌現.在可預見的將來,上述兩種情形何者會占據主導?對這一問題的回答部分取決于所選擇的理論范式.在評述社會沖突研究的社會中心與國家中心兩種范式基礎上,政治過程理論被作為建構與理解中國爭議政治的核心.它在回應上述問題的同時,也為推動我國沖突治理體系和治理能力的現代化提供了有益啟示:治理沖突更為有效的方式是沖突制度化,即引導當事方選擇國家認可或建立的沖突解決程序、方式和渠道來解決爭議與矛盾;我國沖突治理體制應該以(社會)整合與(國家)協調為核心,即社會組織作為整合個人利益的初級主體和基礎力量,國家在對抗的社會利益間扮演協調者的角色.
    • 摘要：As the management and control center of world economy,global cities are the wir-ing points and the passageways of external and domestic economy.Global cities have exported and imported-oriented industries especially have serviced industries oriented characteristic.The in-dustrial structure of cities are exogenous and not endogenous.Under the condition of over labour supply,the competition between capitals,enterprises and residents for urban space become fierce. T he exogenous industrial structure of global cities enlarges social income distribution gap and the differentia of the ability of spacial competition,intensifies spacial differentiation:the industrial density of central urban areas in global cities have increased,the surburbs have sprawled;cities have more and more of characteristic of social isolation and spacial dualization.These reflects the characteristic of dualization of international production under the condition of informationization and globalization.It should be controlled within reasonable extent by using institutions.%作為世界經濟管理與控制中心的全球城市,是國內外經濟聯結點與生產要素通道.全球城市具有外向型與服務型產業發展特征,城市產業的外生性較為明顯.在相對過剩的勞動力供給條件下,資本、企業與居民對城市空間競爭進一步加劇.城市外向型產業發展擴大了居民收入差距,拉大了資本與勞動力對空間競爭能力差異,加劇了城市空間分化:中心城區經濟密度趨于上升,而郊區空間對外呈蔓延式擴張;城市空間的鑲嵌式隔離與二元分化趨于明顯."二元城市"問題是困擾全球城市至今的經濟與社會問題,突出反映了經濟全球化下國際經濟生產的二元化特點.因此,必須運用制度把城市空間二元分化控制在合理范圍之內.
    • 摘要：社區服刑人員具有"服刑人員"和"社區成員"的雙重身份,兩者之間的內在張力使他們存在明顯的身份困惑和認同危機.基于結構與行動互構的視角,探討社區服刑人員的身份建構過程,以及他們對此的感知、理解和回應.研究發現:在制度空間,社區矯正制度建構了社區服刑人員的二元身份,他們表現出身份感知弱化與強化的雙重偏差.在市場空間,針對普遍存在的就業壁壘與前科歧視,他們的身份隱匿與保守選擇凸顯其身份焦慮.在社會空間,面對交往互動中的話語表達和異樣目光,他們的選擇性親和與疏離加劇其身份困惑.根據在這三種空間中的流動性體驗,社區服刑人員逐漸形成了多維結構的差序化認同:均衡化認同與完全融入、內卷化認同與有限融入、偏差化認同與邊緣融入.這種多層次、動態性的身份認同圖式反映出群際關系的復雜性.%Community inmates have the dual identities,they are both"inmates"and"commu-nity members".The inner tension between these two identities makes them have obvious identity confusion and identity crisis.Based on the perspective of inter -construction between structure and action,the process of identity construction of community inmates and their perception,un-derstanding and response are discussed.The study finds that in institutional space,community correction system constructs the binary identities,community inmates show the double deviation of identity perception weakening or strengthening.In market space,their identity concealment and conservative selection highlight their identity anxiety in the face of widespread employment barriers and discrimination against crime.In social space,their selective affinity and alienation aggravate their identity confusion in the face of words and different looks during communication and interaction.Based on the liquidity experience in these three space,community inmates gradu-ally form the multi -dimensional differential identification:equalization identification and com-plete integration,involution identification and finite integration,biased identification and edge in-tegration.This multi-level,dynamic identity schema reflects the complexity of intergroup rela-tions.
    • 摘要：我國傳統立法采用絕對確定法定刑的立法模式,在這種立法模式下,刑名涵攝力低,難以應對現實中案件的復雜性,司法實踐中有時會遭遇"罪有正條,刑無正條"的量刑困境.我國傳統法律設置了比附制度,作為絕對確定法定刑立法模式的配套制度,增強了法律的適用性.同時,比附的適用帶來了司法官濫用司法裁量權的問題,我國古代在司法官的自由裁量權的制約機制與威懾機制方面建立了相關的配套制度,通過對權力運用的合理規范與程序的嚴格過濾,使得司法官的裁判權能夠得到制度性約束,同時又能保障司法官的自由裁量權的落實,彰顯了刑事裁斷的規范性與靈活性,這能夠為我們當下正在進行的量刑規范化改革如何適度約束法官的自由量刑權提供智識上的資源.%T he traditional legislation of China adopted the legislative mode of absolute deter-mination of statutory punishment.In this legislative mode,the criminal name had low absorptive power.So it was difficult to deal with the complex case in reality.And in judicial practice,judges sometimes encountered the dilemma of"crime has a correct article,punishment has not a correct article".The traditional law set up the system of comparison,which was the supporting system for absolute determination of statutory punishment,and enhanced the applicability of the law.At the same time,the application of comparison brought about the abuse of judicial discretion by judges.In ancient China,the supporting systems were established in the restraint mechanism and deterrence mechanism of the discretionary power of judges.Through the reasonable norms and the strict filtration of procedures for the use of power,the judicial power of judges could be sub-ject to institutional constraints,and at the same time,it could guarantee the implementation of the discretion of the magistrates,w hich demonstrated the normative and flexible nature of the criminal adjudication.T his can provide intellectual resources for our current reform of sentencing standardization on how to restrict judges'right of free sentencing appropriately.
    • 摘要：T he Russian central government and her governor - generals in Semipalatinsk, Orenburg and Astrakhan dispatched spies,special envoys and diplomatic corps to Ili,Tar-baghatay,Kokand Khanate,Turkoman tribes,Khiva Khanate and Bokhara Khanate in 1811, 1813,1819 and 1820,in order to collect intelligence of the regions,to promote the trade and commerce in Central Asia,and to establish diplomatic relations with the targeted khanates.The paper argues that the investigation records and reports of the missions not only did the basic knowledge preparation for Russian's future conquest of Central Asia,but also expanded Europe-an knowledge about the inland Asia,and encouraged the methodological change of the European Oriental Studies.From the reports,Russian,French and British specialists saw the prospects of Nizhny Novgorod and Astrakhan as the Eurasian commercial pivots through which Russia could significantly extend her trade network surrounding Caspian Sea,Black Sea and Baltic Sea to Chi-na,India and the Middle East.This would make Russia a great competitor to the British mari-time trade system between Asia and Europe.Furthermore,the terminology"Central Asia"^first used in the reports unveiled the epistemological and theoretical progress of European Orientology which facilitated the expansion of colonialism into Inner Asia in the 19th Century.%19世紀初,歐洲東方學的亞洲內陸研究正處于學術轉型時期.為了搜集中國新疆伊犁、塔爾巴哈臺和中亞汗國的自然、人文信息并促進通商,俄國政府于1811、1813、1819和1820年分別向中國新疆伊塔地區、浩罕汗國、土庫曼部落、希瓦汗國和布哈拉汗國派遣了間諜、特使或使團.他們的考察報告為俄國的中亞擴張奠定知識基礎,并使歐洲學界認識到:中亞和新疆貿易路線的開辟和發展可促使下諾夫哥羅德和阿斯特拉罕成為亞歐大陸橋的貿易樞紐,以聯通里海、黑海和波羅的海貿易網,加強歐亞與黎凡特地區的商品流通.俄國報告亦引起英法東方學界的關注,不僅激發了英俄的中亞競爭,更推動了歐洲東方學界"中央亞細亞"概念的確立及其知識體系建構.
    • 摘要：The interpretation of ancient Chinese thought and culture in terms of "correlative thinking"has been widely recognized in Western academic circles.However,this important con-cept of sinology has not yet attracted sufficient attention from the Chinese academia.The source of its thoughts and the context of its creation remain unclear.The direct source of "correlative thinking"is mainly the organ -process philosophy of Alfred N.Whitehead,the concept of indi-viduation and synchronicity of Richard Wilhelm and Carl G.Jung,and the concept of corrélation of Marcel Granet.Under a specific time and space,this cross-national relationship contains the internal and external factors from both China and the West,and thus,it has a wider interpreta-tive applicability.But the formation of this transnational relationship undoubtedly includes an ex-tremely complicated process of filtering and selection in mental and cultural psychology.T he deep mechanism of its transformation and generation is worthy of our further exploration and reflec-tion.%以"關聯思維"來詮釋中國古代的思想與文化,在西方學界已受到廣泛認可,然而這個重要的漢學概念尚未引起漢語學界的充分關注,其思想源頭及生成語境仍然晦昧不清.這個概念的直接源頭主要是懷特海的機體 -過程哲學,衛禮賢、榮格的"個性化""共時性"以及葛蘭言的"關聯性"等觀念.在特定時空下締結的這一跨國因緣及其所孕育的思想結晶,兼蓄了中西內外之因,故而具有更為廣泛的詮釋適用性,但是跨國因緣的締結,無疑包含了極其復雜的精神與文化心理上的過濾和選擇,其轉化和生成的深層機制,值得我們進一步探索和深思.
    • 摘要：人口總量和密度并不是城市病的原因,人口密度高是更高的城市運行能力和城市功能有效運行的表現.城市病問題的根本在于人口發展過程中城市管理和服務能力的滯后,有效應對城市病關鍵在于在城鎮化過程中城市人口增長和管理服務提高之間維持良好協調的關系.我國城市人口政策一直在人口綜合管控和人口管理服務政策中搖擺、波動.應對城市病的公共政策,歸根結底應以增強人口的管理和服務為根本.依托對特大城市去功能化來進行人口綜合管理存在一定的風險,甚至會惡化城市病.對高密度特大城市實現有效治理應該基于人口狀況和變動,實現精細化的管理.%Population Size and Population Density isn't the main reason of urban problems, the urban pathology rooted in the lagging behind of urban management and public services during urbanization.Therefore,it is important to coordinate good relations between urban population growth and urban management and services to achieve a better city.The paper make historic re-view on a fluctuate policy between a rigid urban population control policy and a positive urban management and services improvement policy,and concludes the populiaton control policy,or a population control -aimed urban functional diffusion are not helpful for dealing with urban pa-thology issues.The paper suggests a smart city managment for a high density city based on ex-quisite poulation data management system.
    • 摘要：在南海疆域史上,如何認識孫中山和南方政府與西沙島務開發的關系,是個頗為復雜的問題.據英國外交部檔案記載,孫中山和南方政府不僅與西沙島務開發有關聯,且涉嫌出賣西沙和海南島的權益,當時國內《申報》《晨報》《民國日報》等報刊亦盛傳此事,還曾引起瓊崖各界人士的強烈抗議,并向孫中山和南方政府提出質問.孫中山等雖一再辯白,但輿論洶洶,一時之間真假難辨,直至近些年仍有人出于某種目的繼續炒作此事.其實,以中外文獻比較及對南海局勢的分析來看,指責孫中山和南方政府的證據皆似是而實非.謠言流傳,一方面是因為國內外某些政治勢力企圖制造輿論混亂、挑撥民族情緒以從中漁利,另一方面也是由于國內某些報刊、組織團體不究事故而盲從的結果.%In the history of the South China Sea,how to understand the relationship between Sun Yat sen,the Southern Government and the development of Xisha island is a rather compli-cated problem.According to records of the British Foreign Office archives,Sun Yat sen and the Southern Government are not only linked to the development of Xisha Island affairs,but are also suspected of betraying the rights and interests of Xisha and Hainan Island.At the time,news-papers and periodicals such as the"Shen Bao""Morning Post"and"Republican Daily News"also rumored widely.This caused strong protests from people of all walks of life in QiongYa,and raised questions to Sun Yat sen and the Southern Government.Through the comparison of Chi-nese and foreign documents,as well as the analysis of the situation in the South China Sea,the evidence of accusing Sun Yat sen and the Southern Government is similar but not true.This was not only the result of various political forces at home and abroad w ho created confusion in public opinion and provoked ethnic sentiment in order to profit from it,but also the blind obedience of certain new spapers and periodical organizations in China w hich could not investigate the facts of the matter.
    • 摘要：俄國的佩特林使團出使晚明中國的報告,不僅是17世紀中俄關系的最早文獻,也是近代西歐人獲取到的關于蒙古高原與內亞交通的較早信息.自17世紀起,這個報告的不同譯本在西歐各國相繼出現,它們都在不同程度上影響到了歐洲人對東方觀念的建構.佩特林使華報告的傳播與影響過程,體現了17世紀以來歐洲人地理知識的擴展和整合.%Ivan Petlin was not only the first Russian envoy arrived China,But also the first European traveller went to China through Mongolian Plateau since Yuan Dynasty collapsed.Re-port of Petlin Mission is not only the earliest representative of 17th century's Sino -Russian Re-lation,but also among earliest knowledge acquired by Western Europeans about inner Asia and Northern China in the age of discovery.In other European countries since 17th century,Different translations of Petlin's report appeared one by one,w hich affected greatly on construction of"the Oriental".Transmission and influence of that report all showed how Europeans expanded and combined their geographical knowledge in 17th century.
    • 摘要：建立地方政府"穩評"操縱行為形成的演化博弈模型,在博弈均衡分析基礎上,通過Agent仿真實驗揭示基層"穩評"操縱行為發生的演化路徑.研究結果表明:第一,地方政府"穩評"操縱行為的形成是政府執行機構、"穩評"主管部門及社會群體的動態交互過程,其"適應性"的主體選擇受到某些參數變化影響.第二,在有限理性條件下,不同群體行動的博弈支付矩陣、監督參與程度以及懲戒機制對于基層"穩評"操縱行為的形成產生密切關聯,同時"操縱-監督參與"實施成本的變化,將會改變基層"穩評"操縱行為發生的約束條件和個體預期,進而影響到公職人員在"穩評"運作中采取蒙蔽操控的機會主義行動意愿.%The article constructs an evolutionary game model of emerging manipulative behav-iors in the enforcement of grassroots Social Stability Risk Assessment(SSRA),and applies simu-lation tool to disclose the evolutionary paths.T he results show that:Firstly,the generation of manipulative behaviors in grassroots SSRA is a dynamic interactive process among government organs,SSRA supervising sectors and social groups,in which the"adaptive"choice is affected by certain parameters.Secondly,under the condition of limited rationality,the game payoff matrix of different groups,degree of participatory supervision and accountability,are closely intertwined with SSRA manipulative behaviors;w hile the implementation cost variation in"manipulation -supervision"framework will change the restrictive conditions as well as personal expectations of SSRA manipulative behaviors and further alter the opportunism desire of grassroots bureaucrats in taking blinded actions for SSRA enforcement.
    • 摘要：社會矛盾問題凸顯與政府調處矛盾低效之間的張力,成為轉型期中國社會治理難以回避的問題.作為聯結國家與信訪人的社會組織,J市信訪法律事務服務中心以其中立性、公益性和專業性的社會組織身份,介入涉法涉訴類社會矛盾化解,通過制度互嵌、資源互嵌、身份互嵌、過程互嵌等調解活動的多重維度展開,試圖建立起一種國家與社會之間靈活的"互嵌關系"和矛盾"調解機制".此種社會矛盾化解機制的建構及實踐過程,為我們理解評價社會組織"官民二重性"問題提供了一個新的視角,也是新時代國家與社會探索建構"共建共治共享"治理格局的一種積極嘗試.%Existing literature argue that the tension between government's low ability in dealing with social conflicts had become an inevitable problem in modern China.As the intermedi-ate organization between state and citizen,legal service center in J city actively engaged in solve social conflicts,in an impartial,public-welfare oriented,and professional way.Through insti-tutional inter -embeddedness,resource inter -embeddedness,identity inter -embeddedness and procedure inter embeddedness,the legal service center aims to build a flexible inter -embedded relation between the state and society.We can conclude that the fore mentioned mechanism and its practice,indicate a new perspective to understand the'Duality of officials and people'charac-teristic of social organizations,and can also be seen as a new attempt to construct the 'Sharing rule' of social government.
    • 摘要：Dworkin's"equality of resources"claims that the distribution of resources ought to be"insensitive to talents and sensitive to ambitions".However,this face of"equality of re-sources"encounters many objections of inconsistency.Moreover,the hypothetical wills of people in the mechanism of both hypothetical auction and insurance are not to reveal the first face of"e-quality of resources"but to determine w hat distribution of resources is equal distribution.Fur-thermore,what the hypothetical wills of people really reveal is our deep intuitions about our ordi-nary justice and presents a second face of"equality of resources":the distribution of resources ought to meet both the requirement of humaneness(we should meet people's basic needs without considering their contribution)and the requirement of fairness(w hat people get should be pro-portional to w hat they contribute).%德沃金的資源平等要求資源分配要"鈍于稟賦,敏于抱負".然而,這種面孔下的資源平等理論面臨多種不一致指控.不僅如此,無論是實現外在資源平等的虛擬拍賣機制,還是實現內在資源(生理能力與精神能力)平等的虛擬保險機制,其中的假設性意愿并不是要"顯示"第一張面孔;相反,這種意愿正是要"決定"何種資源分配才是"平等分配".不僅如此,這種假設性意愿真正體現的是我們日常的深刻正義直覺,呈現出第二張面孔:資源分配要滿足人道要求(滿足人們的基本需要)和公平要求(人們的所得要與其貢獻相匹配).
    • 摘要：Space justice in urban and rural community governance,in the communal develop-ment of urbanization and ruralization,ensure that urban and rural residents have the opportunity and the right to possess and share space resources.Its formation process is based on the"three cycles of capital"and is characterized by"capital investment -institutional arrangements - social identification of spatial justice".The space formation in western urbanization,based on the eco-nomics of"capital -institutional arrangements",leads to urban and rural community governance structure,in violation of space justice.Urbanized space production based on"land finance in-come"in China,because of this road in"pressure catch -up type",caught in governance errors to"the only way in the city".Construction of urban and rural community governance path,in the form of space justice,implement hierarchical governance on urban and rural space.%城鄉社區治理中的空間正義,是在城鎮化與村鎮化的共融發展中,確保城鄉居民平等地占有和分享空間資源的機會和權利.其形成過程是以"資本三循環"為基礎,表征為"資本投入-制度安排-空間正義的社會認同".西方城市化發展中的空間形成,基于"資本 -制度安排"的經濟逐利性,使得城鄉社區的治理結構,偏離空間生產的正義性.當代中國以"土地財政收入"為基礎的城市化空間生產,則基于"壓力趕超型"的路徑選擇,陷入了"唯城市"城市化發展的治理誤區.構建空間正義形成中的城鄉社區治理路徑,需要以既定城鄉空間分野的事實差異為前提,促進分層化空間治理結構的邏輯生成.
    • 摘要：文章基于大衛·哈維的歷史—地理唯物主義理論對城市空間生產關系的集聚-擴散效應展開研究,首先對靜態環境下單城市空間生產關系的集聚 -擴散效應的基本特征、演化規律、動力機制進行分析.進一步對動態環境多城市空間生產關系的集聚-擴散效應的基本模式和發展方向進行歸納.再將時空修復與空間正義兩個維度相統一得到城市空間生產關系的集聚-擴散效應的發展模式.通過理論分析,研究認為城市空間生產關系是城鎮化發展和生產力提升的必然結果,資本的時空修復模型可以有效避免資本的過度積累.城市空間生產關系是資本在集聚與擴散中尋求平衡的動態化狀態,空間正義性是保證空間生產關系的集聚-擴散效應平衡穩定的基礎.城市空間生產關系的集聚與擴散效應依賴于時空修復與空間正義的共同作用,政府作用與市場因素協同是城市空間生產關系的集聚-擴散效應最優發展模式.%Research on David Harvey's historical materialism theory of geographic agglomera-tion of city spatial relations of production based on the diffusion effect,based on a static environ-ment of single - city spatial relations of production agglomeration diffusion effect basic charac-teristics,evolution,dynamic mechanism were analyzed.The further agglomeration of production dynamic environment with multi city spatial relations the basic mode and development direction of the diffusion effect are summarized.Then the machine will repair the two dimensions of time and space and spatial justice unified development mode of city spatial agglomeration and diffusion effect of production relations.T hrough theoretical analysis,the research that the city space of city development and production relations is the inevitable result of productivity improvement,re-pair time the model of capital can effectively avoid the excessive accumulation of capital.T he city space is to seek a balance in the relations of production capital agglomeration and diffusion.The dynamic state space,justice is the foundation to ensure the agglomeration spatial relations of pro-duction diffusion effect balanced and stable interaction of city spatial agglomeration.T he relations of production and the diffusion effect depends on the temporal and spatial restoration of justice, the role of government and market factors synergy is agglomeration and city spatial relations of production diffusion effect optimal development model,research institute according to the conclu-sions of the enlightenment for further analysis.
    • 摘要：當代西方政治哲學有兩種主要的自由觀:一種是自由主義的;另外一種是共和主義的.如果自由主義的自由觀可以概括為"無干涉的自由",那么共和主義的自由觀可以概括為"無支配的自由".共和主義的自由觀是由三個部分組成的:首先,它批評了自由主義的自由觀,認為"無干涉的自由"是錯誤的;其次,它主張"無支配的自由",并且認為干涉與自由的關系是偶然的,而支配與自由的關系是必然的;最后,這種共和主義的自由觀在個人層面提倡自治和公民美德,在國家層面主張民主和人民主權.我們對這些觀點進行了分析和批評,并且揭示了共和主義自由觀的基本問題.%There are two main conceptions of freedom in contemporary western political phi-losophy,one is liberal and another is republican.If liberal conception of freedom may be called"freedom as non-interference",republican conception of freedom may be called"freedom as non-domination".Republican conception of freedom is composed of three parts:First,republican-ism criticizes liberal conception of freedom,and holds that"freedom as non -interference"is w rong;secondly,it advocates"freedom as non -domination",and holds that the relation of in-terference to freedom is occasional,w hile the relation of domination to freedom is necessary;thirdly,it promotes the self -governance and virtues of citizens in personality,and advocates de-mocracy and popular sovereignty in state.We gave some analyses and critiques of republicanism, and try to reveal the main problems of this conception of freedom.

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